Keri and Xander are such a blessing to me. I’m thankful I get to be their daddy. Seeing them grow, mature, and change is amazing. More than that, I have a front row seat view of the Lord working in and through them.
Keri is kind and, although she hates the spotlight, she loves to serve the Lord and others. She genuinely cares about others and notices those who typically go unnoticed. She is quiet until she decides to let people in, but once she does, they get to see her corny humor and bubbling wit. Keri has also inherited some of her mama’s fire, which makes me happy because she is becoming a force to be reckoned with while balancing that with her typical kindness, care, and thoughtfulness.
Xander is kind, too, and protective of his people. He loves fiercely and often wears his heart on his sleeve. This is not a weakness as those who are loved by Xander can attest. Seeing him with his younger cousins and other littles sees this fast-paced flash slow down and be immensely patient and caring. His infectious laughter is only matched by his growing wit and love for puns. As he loves and serves others, I get glimpses of the man he is growing to be and cannot wait to see what the Lord continues to do in him.
Keri and Xander are not perfect by any means. They inherited that from their father. But I could not be more proud of them or thankful to get to be their daddy.
All through the month of November, our Christ Community Church family is focusing on what we are thankful for and expressing our thanks to our “great God and Savior Jesus Christ, who gave Himself for us to redeem us” (Titus 2:13-14).
This, like the #DailyWisdomChallenge we went through in October, is a challenge from our pastor John Goldwater — the #GRATITUDEandHOPEchallenge — where we have the opportunity to post Bible passages that move us to thanksgiving or in which we find hope. May this lead you to be grateful and find your hope in Jesus!
I’m thankful for the love of God! There is no other love like it. In fact, His love informs all other love — defines all other love.
In John 15:13, Jesus says that there is no “greater love” than one who will lay his life down for His friends. The day after He said that, He died on the cross for us, and proved that there is no “greater love” than His!
He loves us, and having experienced the love He has for us, we love Him in return. It is the same way that children learn what love is. They experience love from their parents and families, and they learn to reciprocate it. But it is not about the love we return. God’s love is so much more powerful and abundant than our meager offering back to Him.
I love the word that John used to describe the extent of God’s love here: propitiation. This is merely a big seminary or theology word. This is a Bible word. It describes a sacrifice that exchanges the wrath of God sinners deserve with the favor of God they don’t. Those who are saved experience the favor of God that His Son Jesus deserves because Jesus bore the wrath that our sin deserves. That’s love. And there’s no “greater love” than that!
Lord, thank You for loving me and all that You have saved. We don’t deserve Your love, especially not me, but I am thankful that You set Your affections on me despite my sin. Thank You for paying for my sin and covering me with Your blood. I love you, too, and long for the Day when we will be together forevermore.
All through the month of November, our Christ Community Church family is focusing on what we are thankful for and expressing our thanks to our “great God and Savior Jesus Christ, who gave Himself for us to redeem us” (Titus 2:13-14).
This, like the #DailyWisdomChallenge we went through in October, is a challenge from our pastor John Goldwater — the #GRATITUDEandHOPEchallenge — where we have the opportunity to post Bible passages that move us to thanksgiving or in which we find hope. May this lead you to be grateful and find your hope in Jesus!
Tomorrow is the Lord’s day, and I’m thankful to have the opportunity to gather with my faith family and worship Jesus!
Over the next few days, there will be a lot of fearmongering and confusion as our country heads into a major election. We should all be feeling the weight of this moment in our nation. But this does not have to be a hopeless time. The Lord’s day reminds us that He is alive and well and already victorious no matter the events of this world (Revelation 1:17-18, Colossians 2:15); it reminds us that our ultimate hope is not in earthly governments or leaders but in the King of kings (Revelation 17:14, 1 Timothy 6:15).
As we prepare our hearts to gather and worship Jesus tomorrow, let us reflect on 1 Peter 1:3-5, one of the passages we will be reading in our worship gathering tomorrow. Peter reminds us that, through Jesus, we have been “born again to a living hope”, “to an inheritance that is imperishable, undefiled, and unfading”. This promise is a steady anchor in turbulent times (Hebrews 6:19).
For Peter and his original audience, the Roman empire was becoming increasingly more dangerous for Christians. Persecution was about to begin a steady incline that would end up killing thousands upon thousands of Christians in the empire, even Peter and the apostle Paul. This “living hope” was what carried them through the persecution to the arms of their Savior in eternity. For us, Jesus is still our “living hope” and untouchable by politics, economies, and any uncertainties in the world.
That’s good news!
And that’s what we are singing about tomorrow as we take the time to pause, lift our eyes to Jesus, and be reminded that our hope is in Him. We’ll remind ourselves of the goodness and faithfulness of our Lord (Psalm 145:13), the power of His Kingdom (Daniel 7:14), and the mercy He’s shown us and will continually show us every day no matter what troubles come our way (Lamentations 3:22-23). We can take this time, like our brothers and sisters in Peter’s day and the centuries of terror and persecution that followed, to lift our voices in worship and trust to the One who truly holds the future and has already “overcome the world” (John 16:33)!
So, today in preparation for gathering to worship Jesus with our faith family tomorrow, let’s approach the throne of God in prayer (Hebrews 4:16) and lay down all of our worries, what-ifs, and the weight of the world before the King of kings (Psalm 55:22). He is sovereign, good, and faithful (Psalm 100:5). Let us do so with the knowledge that whatever Tuesday’s election outcomes, King Jesus will be just as sovereign, just as good, and just as faithful on Wednesday — and all the days until the Day He returns to bring us to Himself (Hebrews 13:8, 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17)!
What about you?
Do you have a church home? Are you planning on gathering with your faith family?
If you are in or around Grenada, MS, we at Christ Community Church would love to invite you to gather with us and to point you to Jesus!
Here are our Scriptures & songs:
Scripture | Titus 3:1-7 —
1 Remind them to be submissive to rulers and authorities, to be obedient, to be ready for every good work, 2 to speak evil of no one, to avoid quarreling, to be gentle, and to show perfect courtesy toward all people. 3 For we ourselves were once foolish, disobedient, led astray, slaves to various passions and pleasures, passing our days in malice and envy, hated by others and hating one another. 4 But when the goodness and loving kindness of God our Savior appeared, 5 he saved us, not because of works done by us in righteousness, but according to his own mercy, by the washing of regeneration and renewal of the Holy Spirit, 6 whom he poured out on us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior, 7 so that being justified by his grace we might become heirs according to the hope of eternal life.
3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! According to his great mercy, he has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, 4 to an inheritance that is imperishable, undefiled, and unfading, kept in heaven for you, 5 who by God’s power are being guarded through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time.
I’m thankful that His steadfast love will never run out.
Every day brings new hardships and trials. It seems sometimes that the difficulties of life are insurmountable. Too often, the idea of merely giving up is more appealing than it should be. But just as the trouble is at its peak — when the waves seem to be flowing over our heads, God brings fresh mercy.
God has more mercy than we will ever have troubles. His love is infinitely flowing and infinitely better than the worst this world has to offer. Every day brings with it trouble, but every morning brings new mercy from the LORD. His faithfulness is great. He will take care of His people.
That’s good news!
What’s more is that trouble has an expiration date. It’s shelf life will run out when our LORD and King returns. Trouble will be over, but God’s mercies and steadfast love will still be infinite!
Lord, thank you for fresh mercy every morning and an infinite supply of Your steadfast love. Thank you for being a God who is bigger than our trouble — bigger and more magnificent than everything, yet still being willing to remember your lowly people. Help us to remember your unfailing steadfast love and mercy when the waves are crashing against us so that we can hold fast to You.
All through the month of November, our Christ Community Church family is focusing on what we are thankful for and expressing our thanks to our “great God and Savior Jesus Christ, who gave Himself for us to redeem us” (Titus 2:13-14).
This, like the #DailyWisdomChallenge we went through in October, is a challenge from our pastor John Goldwater — the #GRATITUDEandHOPEchallenge — where we have the opportunity to post Bible passages that move us to thanksgiving or in which we find hope. May this lead you to be grateful and find your hope in Jesus!
I’m thankful for the gospel — the good news of Jesus Christ — that tells us that He died for our sins on the cross we deserved, was buried, and rose from the dead defeating death, hell, and the grave.
That’s good news!
Literally, that’s what the word “gospel” means: good news!
Lord, thank you for the good news that we do not have to remain dead in our sins. Thank you for being willing to send Your Son to die in our place and giving the opportunity to come to You by grace through faith in Jesus and be made alive in Him.
All through the month of November, our Christ Community Church family is focusing on what we are thankful for and expressing our thanks to our “great God and Savior Jesus Christ, who gave Himself for us to redeem us” (Titus 2:13-14).
This, like the #DailyWisdomChallenge we went through in October, is a challenge from our pastor John Goldwater — the #GRATITUDEandHOPEchallenge — where we have the opportunity to post Bible passages that move us to thanksgiving or in which we find hope. May this lead you to be grateful and find your hope in Jesus!
We are getting close to the end of the #DailyWisdomChallenge (and by we, I mean me as everyone else finished in October), and Proverb 30:5 embodies what we were meant to discover in this journey through Proverbs: God’s Word is true and feeds/nourishes God’s people.
In the modern church era – especially among more conservative denominations, people say things like the Bible is the inspired, inerrant, and infallible Word of God. That is a true statement. God’s Word is inspired – breathed out by God (2 Timothy 3:16-17). The original manuscripts of the Bible were God’s words exactly as He intended them and gave them by the Holy Spirit to the men who wrote them down (2 Peter 1:20-21, Psalm 19:7). God’s Word is not fallible, meaning that it will not fail in its purpose and will always accomplish what God intends (Isaiah 55:10-11, Psalm 119:89-91, Matthew 24:35, 1 Peter 1:24-25). What is at issue, though, is the way we live our lives.
It is one thing to say a thing and another entirely to live it out. Functionally, most of us (and by most, I mean all of us who profess to be saved fail in this at least some of the time) live our lives like we do not believe God’s Word is true. We too often live marching to the beat of our own drum and ignore the clear teachings of Scripture. But, if we are saved, God’s Word points us to Jesus who is the foundation and bedrock of our faith. When the chips are down, God’s Word is where we go to find God and receive help and comfort. It is in those moments when we need to hear God’s voice that we do not sit with an ear toward heaven but with our BIbles open reading the inspired, inerrant, and infallible Word.
Tonight, if you are struggling – or especially if things are going well, meditate on the good news of Proverbs 30:5.
Every, single word of Scripture is true.
Everyone who turns to the Lord for a refuge will be shielded by Him.
He said that to us in His Word. And He means it today and forevermore.
That’s good news!
For the month of October (and November for slowpokes like me), we are answering the challenge John Goldwater, pastor of Christ Community Church in Grenada, MS, laid out — the #DailyWisdomChallenge. Each day, we are going to read through a chapter of Proverbs corresponding to the day of the month.
This fits with what we have studied in Colossians, specifically Colossians 3:1-2, namely that we should seek “the things that are above, where Christ is” and set our minds like a thermostat “on things that are above, not on things that are on earth”. Imagine what a month meditating on God’s Word daily can do for us.
Won’t you join us on this #DailyWisdomChallenge and set your minds on Christ?
This proverb struck me as a poignant example of the perspective God gives us through His wisdom that counters the anti-wisdom of this world.
Whatever you revere or fear drives you, or at least steers you. Think about it. If there are certain holidays or people that you revere, you will act a certain way around them. Your life and behavior change in their presence or on those days. It works the same with fear. If you are afraid of someone or something, your body does its own thing in their presence. Your heart rate will elevate; your skin may grow clammy and/or sweaty; and your fight-or-flight response kicks in.
We live in a day and age when the powers-that-be use fear to motivate. This can be in the political arena as we have seen recently in many political ads and politically-driven social media posts. The news is always doom and gloom – and changes depending on the political leanings of one channel to the next. We have become accustomed to making decisions based on fear, and per the wisdom we see here, that sort of fear is a snare.
A snare is a device meant to catch something, and often carries with it the purpose of restraining something in order to kill it. If a hunter puts out a snare to catch an animal, it is often so that the animal can be caught, killed, and eaten. This reminds me of the description of Satan in 1 Peter 5:8 as one prowling “around like a roaring lion, seeking someone to devour”. Satan likes snares because they catch people unaware using camouflage and trickery. 2 Corinthians 4:4 describes this work as him blinding “the minds of unbelievers, to keep them from seeing the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God.” He has no glory of his own and nothing of worth for people to follow, so he tricks and hoodwinks people, trying to keep them from seeing the Light.
While Satan is on the prowl seeking to devour and destroy, God offers His mighty hand to lift us up and offers the opportunity to cast “all [our] anxieties on Him, because He cares for [us]” (1 Peter 5:6-7). You can trust the Lord and be safe (Psalm 62:8). There is a big difference between prowling around like a lion and being the Lion of the tribe of Judah (Revelation 5:5)! Jesus is the genuine article and came to seek and save the lost instead of seeking destruction (Luke 19:10, John 3:17)!
Your fear of what man can do to you lays a snare. But trusting in God brings safety – from the snare, from destruction, from being devoured.
That’s good news to those who trust in the Lord! How about you? Will you be driven by your fear of man or your trust in God?
For the month of October (and November for slowpokes like me), we are answering the challenge John Goldwater, pastor of Christ Community Church in Grenada, MS, laid out — the #DailyWisdomChallenge. Each day, we are going to read through a chapter of Proverbs corresponding to the day of the month.
This fits with what we have studied in Colossians, specifically Colossians 3:1-2, namely that we should seek “the things that are above, where Christ is” and set our minds like a thermostat “on things that are above, not on things that are on earth”. Imagine what a month meditating on God’s Word daily can do for us.
Won’t you join us on this #DailyWisdomChallenge and set your minds on Christ?
This #DailyWisdomChallenge has been convicting for me. As I have walked through these proverbs, God’s wisdom has outshone the anti-wisdom of the world – the anti-wisdom that lures us to sin instead of illuminating our understanding that there is a God who loves us and made a way for us to come to Him. Proverb 28:13 is a good example of this.
Human beings mess up. A lot. When we mess up and our actions go against God’s righteous standard and expectation, going directly against what God has said, this is called sin. We all do it. First and foremost, we sin against God (Psalm 51:4). This is the case even when we are sinning against other people as well, which is the second point here. This is important to know because sometimes we like to subscribe to the idea that our sin only affects us. It doesn’t. The consequences of our sin affects others, especially when there are people who receive some of the sin we commit.
If we lie, we have sinned against God and the person we lied to. If the lie is about someone else, that adds to it.
If we murder, we have sinned against God. Clearly, we have sinned against the victim, but the sin extends to his or her family, friends, and so on. The toll can be catastrophic in some circles.
If we sin, we sin against God and others. Period.
The reality of sin is that judgment and condemnation is deserved. A holy God created this world and has the authority to say what is right and wrong, holy and righteous. We might not like it. We might wish He had decided that our pet sins were ok or to let something slide, but He is holy and cannot abide with sin. If He did, He would not be holy – definitely not righteous. The good news is that God has made a way for us to be reconciled to Him and not receive that wrath that is due for our sin (Romans 6:23, 1 Corinthians 15:16-21).
The word “reconcile” is helpful here in our understanding of sin. You see, when people talk about sin deserving death, they balk and try to explain how their sin does not warrant such a penalty. But reconcile does not leave room for that. Because we have sinned against God, we are in need of reconciliation because the relationship has been damaged. Sinning against Him puts enmity between us (Romans 5:10). Things need to be put right.
Our proverb today says that the only way for things to be made right between people, where one has done wrong and the other been wronged, is for the transgression to be confessed. Concealing it only allows it to fester – think along the lines of a boil beneath one’s skin. Reconciliation cannot happen unless the transgression is confessed and dealt with. This is essentially the message that Paul shared with the church at Corinth when he shared with them about how God through Christ offers opportunity to be reconciled to Him where He does not count “their trespasses against them” (2 Corinthians 5:19). And He explains this in one of the most beautifully succinct examples of the gospel – the good news of Jesus – in 2 Corinthians 5:21: “For our sake He made Him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in Him we might become the righteousness of God.”
Just as it happens between people, reconciliation means confession needs to be made. 2 Corinthians 5:21 gives us a picture of the God we have sinned against putting His perfect, sinless Son forward in our place to bear the punishment of sin. Those who believe in Him exchange their sin and the debt due for it for Jesus’s righteousness and favor. Jesus, the God we sinned against, puts forth the offering that makes our relationship right. He trades our sin debt for His eternal riches of grace, mercy, and love. He trades our rightful wages of death with a gracious portion of His eternal life. He trades our rap sheet for His righteousness.
Concealing our sin and acting like it does not exist only delays the inevitable. Confessing it – confessing Jesus as Lord and believing He rose from the grave (Romans 10:9) – gives opportunity for reconciliation and salvation. One side leads to death and the other to life.
The advice of Proverbs 28:13 points us toward God’s wisdom and counting all we have as loss for the “surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus” (Philippians 3:8) and forsaking the anti-wisdom of the world that leads us to think there is no consequence for sin.
Lord, thank you for offering reconciliation when we don’t deserve it – when no one else in the world would. Reconciliation is hard to come by, but it reflects Your heart toward those who turn to you. Help me to confess my sin to you instead of concealing it. Help me to do the same for others I sin against as well. Amen.
For the month of October (and *hopefully* the early part of November), we are answering the challenge John Goldwater, pastor of Christ Community Church in Grenada, MS, laid out — the #DailyWisdomChallenge. Each day, we are going to read through a chapter of Proverbs corresponding to the day of the month.
This fits with what we have studied in Colossians, specifically Colossians 3:1-2, namely that we should seek “the things that are above, where Christ is” and set our minds like a thermostat “on things that are above, not on things that are on earth”. Imagine what a month meditating on God’s Word daily can do for us.
Won’t you join us on this #DailyWisdomChallenge and set your minds on Christ?
This proverb has been working on me a lot — almost grating against some of the rough edges in my life. You see, I like to pride myself on my ability to be strong in the midst of adversity — in my ability to find another gear to get through whatever I need to get through. Well, you know what Proverbs 16:18 says: “Pride goes before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall.”
I guess I should have begun by saying that I used to pride myself on strength in the midst of and despite adversity. I really can’t say that any more. Over the last ten years, there has been plenty of adversity but a definite lack of strength on my part. If I once was able to find a gear to dig deep and get through trouble, my transmission has gone out leaving me with nothing more than low gear.
Several times over the last decade, I have found myself made low. My body has failed me. My mind has failed me. I have failed me. I look at Proverbs 24:10 and see a strength that is small because I have consistently fainted in the “day of adversity”.
I am so thankful that I did.
Yes, you read that right: I am thankful I failed and in the day of adversity and realized that my strength has always been small. The good news is my God has always been big, and His strength is more than enough.
In 2 Corinthians 12, Paul talks about his struggles with a “thorn” in his flesh “to keep [him] from becoming conceited because of the surpassing greatness” of visions God had given him (2 Corinthians 12:7). He pleaded with God to take away the thorn, but God did not remove the thorn (2 Corinthians 12:8). God’s answer to Paul is surprising, and it is so liberating to those who are trying to make it on their own steam and failing miserably:
“My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.”
Jesus’s answer to Paul was not to remove the thorn and let Paul be strong. No, it was to keep the thorn and allow Paul the opportunity to lean on the strength of Christ and trust Him.
No one likes to be weak. No one likes to need trouble. But, truth be told, we are all weak at times and all need help more than we would like to admit. The apostle Paul seems at times to be some sort of superhero, but he is just a vessel of the Lord that was of use to the Lord. Any greatness seen in Paul is the Lord.
Any greatness seen in me is the Lord, too.
Any weakness is all mine. Any failure is mine, too.
When I found myself down and ready to tap out, Paul’s response to Jesus’s words in 2 Corinthians 12:9 inspired me to look at my failings and weakness differently. I needed to look at my weaknesses through the lens of the Lordship of Jesus and the reliance He has called me to — the same He had called Paul to. Look at Paul’s response:
“Therefore I will boast all the more gladly of my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may rest upon me. For the sake of Christ, then, I am content with weaknesses, insults, hardships, persecutions, and calamities. For when I am weak, then I am strong.” (2 Corinthians 12:9-10)
So, this proverb does not have to beat me down because my strength is not an issue here; my God’s strength is more than enough! Because of Christ, I can “faint in the day of adversity” and be caught in “the mighty hand of God” waiting and ready to lift me up (1 Peter 5:6)! I can faint because He is strong.
That’s good news!
If you are like I was (and still too often am) and wondering how you are going to make it because you just don’t have the strength to carry on, look to Jesus. He is strong when we are not. Our weakness is an opportunity for Him to lift us up. Look to Jesus and let Him carry you. For when we are weak, then we are strong in Him.
For the month of October, we are answering the challenge John Goldwater, pastor of Christ Community Church in Grenada, MS, laid out — the #DailyWisdomChallenge. Each day, we are going to read through a chapter of Proverbs corresponding to the day of the month.
This fits with what we have studied in Colossians, specifically Colossians 3:1-2, namely that we should seek “the things that are above, where Christ is” and set our minds like a thermostat “on things that are above, not on things that are on earth”. Imagine what a month meditating on God’s Word daily can do for us.
Won’t you join us on this #DailyWisdomChallenge and set your minds on Christ?
For the month of October, we are answering the challenge John Goldwater, pastor of Christ Community Church in Grenada, MS, laid out — the #DailyWisdomChallenge. Each day, we are going to read through a chapter of Proverbs corresponding to the day of the month.
This fits with what we have studied in Colossians, specifically Colossians 3:1-2, namely that we should seek “the things that are above, where Christ is” and set our minds like a thermostat “on things that are above, not on things that are on earth”. Imagine what a month meditating on God’s Word daily can do for us.
Won’t you join us on this #DailyWisdomChallenge and set your minds on Christ?
I love this proverb because it shows hope in a couple of ways that I think we really need to see in this day and age.
First, there is hope to be found in Jesus that is greater than any darkness or depression or depravity. Hope in Jesus is not hypothetical hope, but it is instead fixed and sure, resting on the foundation of what Jesus has done, is doing, and will surely do. His victory transcends everything that remains unknown because He has already “overcome the world” (John 16:33).
In the context of Proverbs 19:18, there is obvious reference to trouble. Why else would there be need to discipline one’s son? Whatever trouble is pointed to here, it must be bad or represents the sum total of the bad a kid can get into because God in His wisdom advises the parent not “set [their] heart on putting him to death”. Kids, just like their parents, get sideways in sin sometimes. All of them, just like all parents, do. But when you are in the midst of having to discipline this child that you have raised and tried to point in the right direction, some trouble seems like it leaves no room for hope.
The Jesus-hope this proverb’s God-wisdom points to is pictured well in Romans 5:1-5: “Therefore, since we have been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ. Through Him we have also obtained access by faith into this grace in which we stand, and we rejoice in the hope of the glory of God. Not only that, but we rejoice in our sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance, and endurance produces character, and character produces hope, and hope does not put us to shame, because God’s love has been poured out in our hearts through the Holy Spirit who has been given to us.”
This sort of hope – hope only found by those who have been “justified by faith”, those who have received “peace” from God stemming from standing in His grace – works differently than worldly hope. Wordly hope is hypothetical and fails when suffering hits. Jesus-hope starts with suffering and grows as God’s Spirit gives endurance. That endurance produces fruit of the Spirit that defines one’s character. And once God has worked Himself into and out through your character, hope is a way of life. It is a byproduct of the eternal life He gives those who believe in Him.
The second hope is one that many do not agree with: as long as a child lives, I believe there is hope. Are there troubles and sins and crimes that have longlasting consequences? Absolutely. Are there things that can happen and be committed that can forever alter the life of a child? Yes. But the hope shown above is for sinners. It is hope for the ones who messed up. It is hope for those whose works earn death. It is hope for children like me – and children like you.
I find myself having to remind myself of this often as I work with students.
I find myself having to remind myself of this often as I parent my kiddos.
I find myself having to remind myself of this often because of my parent’s oldest kid (and to a lesser degree my inlaws youngest).
So, if you find yourself in the rough times of parenting and you wonder whether its worth keeping on keeping on with your kiddo, it is. God tells us here in His wisdom that there is hope in bearing with them in discipline. Things may look hopeless from your vantage point, but from the throne of the King of kings, He sees what we can’t. He sees and tells us to hope. And as He told us in Romans, hope will not put us to shame.
Just Keith Harris 